Saluron, Adverse Reactions

Adverse Reactions

Saluron

The following adverse reactions have been observed, but there has not been enough systematic collection of data to support an estimate of their frequency.

Gastrointestinal system reactions: anorexia, gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, cramping, diarrhea, constipation, jaundice (intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice), pancreatitis.

Central nervous system reactions: dizziness, vertigo, parathesias, headache, xanthopsia.

Hematologic reactions: leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia.

Dermatologic-Hypersensitivity reactions: purpura, photosensitivity, rash, urticaria, necrotizing angiitis (vasculitis) (cutaneous vasculitis).

Cardiovascular reaction: orthostatic hypotension may occur and may be aggravated by alcohol, barbiturates, or narcotics.

Other: hyperglycemia, glycosuria, hyperuricemia, muscle spasm, weakness, restlessness.

Whenever adverse reactions are moderate or severe, thiazide dosage should be reduced or therapy withdrawn.

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Accutane

Generic Name: isotretinoin (oral) (eye so TRET i noyn)
Brand Names: Accutane

What is isotretinoin?

Isotretinoin is a form of vitamin A. It reduces the amount of oil released by oil glands in your skin, and helps your skin renew itself more quickly.

Isotretinoin is used to treat severe nodular acne. It is usually given after other acne medicines or antibiotics have been tried without successful treatment of symptoms.

Isotretinoin may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about isotretinoin?

Isotretinoin can cause severe, life-threatening birth defects if the mother takes the medication during pregnancy. Even one dose of isotretinoin can cause major birth defects of the baby"s ears, eyes, face, skull, heart, and brain. Never use isotretinoin if you are pregnant.

Women of child-bearing potential must agree in writing to use two specific forms of birth control and have regular pregnancy tests before, during, and after taking isotretinoin. Unless you have had a total hysterectomy or have been in menopause for at least a year, you are considered to be of child-bearing potential.

Isotretinoin is available only under a special program called iPLEDGE. You must be registered in the program and sign agreements to use birth control and undergo pregnancy testing as required by the program. Read all program brochures and agreements carefully.

It is dangerous to try and purchase isotretinoin on the Internet or from vendors outside of the United States. The sale and distribution of isotretinoin outside of the iPLEDGE program violates the regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the safe use of this medication.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking isotretinoin?

Isotretinoin is available only under a special program called iPLEDGE. You must be registered in the program and sign documents stating that you understand the dangers of this medication and that you agree to use birth control as required by the program. Read all of the iPLEDGE program brochures and agreements carefully. Ask your doctor or call the drug maker if you have questions about the program or the written requirements.

It is dangerous to try and purchase isotretinoin on the Internet or from vendors outside of the United States. The sale and distribution of isotretinoin outside of the iPLEDGE program violates the regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the safe use of this medication.

Do not use this medication if you are allergic to isotretinoin or to parabens, or if you are pregnant or may become pregnant.

Before taking isotretinoin, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any foods or drugs, or if you have:

• a personal or family history of depression or mental illness;

• heart diease, high cholesterol or triglycerides;

• osteoporosis or other bone disorders;

• diabetes;

• asthma;

• an eating disroder (anorexia nervosa); or

• liver disease.

If you have any of these conditions, you may not be able to use isotretinoin, or you may need a dosage adjustment or special tests during treatment.

Isotretinoin can cause severe, life-threatening birth defects if the mother takes the medication during pregnancy. Even one dose of isotretinoin can cause major birth defects of the baby"s ears, eyes, face, skull, heart, and brain. Never use isotretinoin if you are pregnant.

For Women: Unless you have had your uterus and ovaries removed (total hysterectomy) or have been in menopause for at least 12 months in a row, you are considered to be of child-bearing potential.

Even women who have had their tubes tied are required to use birth control while taking isotretinoin.

You must have a negative pregnancy test 30 days before you start taking isotretinoin. A pregnancy test is also required before each prescription is refilled, right after you take your last dose of isotretinoin, and again 30 days later. All pregnancy testing is required by the iPLEDGE program.

You must agree in writing to use two specific forms of birth control beginning 30 days before you start taking isotretinoin and ending 30 days after you stop taking it. Both a primary and a secondary form of birth control must be used together.

Primary forms of birth control include:

• tubal ligation (tubes tied);

• vasectomy of the male sexual partner;

• an IUD (intrauterine device);

• estrogen-containing birth control pills (not mini-pills); and

• hormonal birth control patches, implants, injections, or vaginal ring.

Secondary forms of birth control include:

• a male latex condom plus spermicidal foam or gel;

• a diaphragm plus spermicidal foam or gel;

• a cervical cap plus spermicidal foam or gel; and

• a vaginal sponge containing spermicide.

Do not take St. John"s wort, an herbal supplement, if you are using any type of hormonal birth control, including pills, patches, implants, injections, or a vaginal ring. Breakthrough bleeding may occur.

Stop using isotretinoin and call your doctor at once if you have unprotected sex, if you quit using birth control, if your period is late, or if you think you might be pregnant.

It is not known whether isotretinoin passes into breast milk. Do not take isotretinoin without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

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Dantrolene Sodium

Pronouncation: (dan-troe-LEEN SO-dee-uhm)
Class: Skeletal muscle relaxant

Trade Names:
Dantrium
- Capsules 25 mg
- Capsules 50 mg
- Capsules 100 mg

Trade Names:
Dantrium Intravenous
- Powder for Injection 20 mg/vial (approximately 0.32 mg/mL after reconstitution)

Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology

Affects contraction of muscle at site beyond myoneural junction and directly on muscle itself; believed to interfere with calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Affects CNS, causing drowsiness, dizziness, and generalized weakness.

Read more about Dantrolene Sodium

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Adult Anorexia on the Rise

When Becky Marsella turned 40, she thought she would lose a little weight, exercise and get into shape. But what started as a simple diet soon became an obsession.

Marsella, a mother and wife from Florida, dropped to a perilous 58 pounds.
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"I still visualize myself as I looked when I was 40 and not until I walk by a mirror and see my physical image do I realize how thin I am," she said.

Marsella is one of an increasing number of women suffering from adult anorexia. In the past, women over 40 made up less than 5 percent of patients seeking treatment for anorexia. Now experts believe more than 10 percent of anorexics are over 40, as women deal with images of film and television actresses who remain rail thin as they age.

"Anyone over 35 or 45 has to look young, has to look slender, has to be beautiful, has to have a wonderful appearance," said Dr. Susan Ice of the Renfrew Eating Disorders Clinic. "I think that's the given within which these women are operating."

More and more people are speaking out on adult anorexia. Most notably, Jane Fonda revealed she battled an eating disorder well into her 40s.

"My food addiction has represented a misguided search for perfection and nurture to fill the emptiness," Fonda said in a recent autobiography.

Ice said there are certain triggers that occur later in life.

"Things like divorce, children leaving home, remarriage, career changes, aging parents, as well as physical changes that go on," she said.

For Marsella, who had always been a healthy weight for her 5-foot-5-inch frame, turning 40 triggered her eating problem.

"I don't think it was one specific thing," Marsella said. "It was a combination of many things, the feeling of losing control in your life."

The obsession almost took her daughter down with her.

Rachel Marsella decided to join her mother's diet and exercise routine. She was 16 years old when she started going to the gym with her mother six to seven days a week, and the 5-foot-10-inch teenager dropped down to 100 pounds.

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Anorexia - what isi it?

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder affecting mainly girls or women, although boys or men can also suffer from it. It usually starts in the teenage years.

It is difficult to estimate how common it is but surveys suggest that up to 1 per cent of schoolgirls and female university students have anorexia nervosa. This may be an underestimate.

How is the disease characterised?

* Body weight is maintained at least 15 per cent below that expected for a person's height.

* It is self-induced weight loss caused by avoiding fattening foods and may involve taking excessive exercise, using laxatives or diuretics or self-induced vomiting.

* There is a strong, almost overwhelming fear of putting on weight, with sufferers preoccupied with the shape or size of their bodies.

* Rules are invented regarding how much food is allowed and how much exercise is needed after eating certain amounts of food.

* Those suffering from anorexia pursue a very low 'ideal' weight.

* The weight loss may cause hormonal disturbances and women with anorexia nervosa may stop having periods.

Why do some people get anorexia?

The cause of anorexia nervosa is unknown, although it is likely that both inherent biological factors and factors in the patient's social environment play a part. The disease is mainly encountered in the western world and is more common among women in certain professions, such as models and ballet dancers. Puberty, deaths in the family and other life stresses are all believed to be potential triggers of anorexia.

There may also be peer pressure to lose weight, nasty comments from others about weight that trigger dieting or an unrealistic expectation of what a normal body weight should be.

What are the signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa?

* Weight loss of at least 15 per cent below the normal ideal body weight for a person of the same age and height.

* Cessation of periods or delayed development in puberty.

* Self-induced weight loss. Methods can include fasting, low food intake, excessive exercise, diuretic medicines (medicines that make you urinate more) laxatives, diet pills or vomiting. Sometimes people make themselves sick to lose weight. Others take excessive exercise.

* Sufferers have a constant fear of gaining weight, as well as a feeling of being fat, even when their weight is much less than that of other people of the same height.

* Sufferers may feel bloated, even after a small meal.

* They may lose interest in socialising with friends.

* Other side effects include tiredness, feeling cold, constipation and stomachache.

* Some patients also develop additional disorders such as bulimia.

How long can anorexia last?

The sooner the treatment is started, the better the chance of recovery. However, anorexia may last for months or years, and it can take many more years before normal weight is regained.

Severe anorexia

* People who do not receive treatment may become chronically ill or even die.

* Long spells without adequate intake of food can cause osteoporosis (fragile bones) and damage to the heart, liver, kidneys and brain.

* Anorexia can impede growth in the young and cause difficulties in concentration.

* People with anorexia nervosa may also experience mental health problems such as depression and increased risk of suicide.

How is anorexia treated?

Treatment will vary depending on the individual circumstances. There is no one single treatment that has proven to be effective in all cases. Treatment aims to:

* restore the person to a healthy weight.

* restore healthy eating patterns.

* treat any physical complications or associated mental health problems.

* address thoughts, feelings and beliefs concerning food and body image.

* enlist family support.

In some cases, medication is necessary, especially where there is depression or serious compulsive symptoms. Treatment by the family doctor is possible, although sometimes a psychologist or psychiatrist experienced in eating disorders is necessary.

If the weight loss becomes serious (more than 20 to 25 per cent less than total normal body weight) admission to hospital may be required. Treatments used include individual psychological therapy, family therapy and drug therapy using antidepressants.

What can people suffering from anorexia do to help themselves?

Anorexia nervosa is a potentially life-threatening illness, and should be treated as soon as possible. Sufferers should seek help, or be encouraged to do so.

Self-help organisations for anorexia nervosa are usually run by people with personal experiences of eating disorders. There are also self-help books available.
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